The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. In China, books were printed by rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks. First Printed Books Print In China In the 17th Century, the use of print diversified in China because of booming urban culture. Print In Japan Buddhist missionaries from … Read more
Characteristics of the City Towns and cities first appeared in river valleys in Ur, Nippur and Mohenjodaro. Cities are the centres of political power, administrative network, trade and industry, religious institutions and intellectual activity, supporting various social groups such as artisans, merchants, and priests. Ancient cities could develop only when there was surplus agricultural produce … Read more
Chapter 5: The Age of Industrialisation Introduction The Age of Industrialisation marked a significant transformation in society, economics, and technology. It led to the establishment of factories, advancements in production processes, and changes in the lives of workers. Before industrialisation, goods were produced by artisans or small workshops, but with the rise of factories, large-scale … Read more
Globalisation is an economic system and it emerges since 50 years. To understand the making of global world we have to understand the history of trade, migration and people search for work and the movement of capitals. The Pre Modern World Human societies have steadily more interlinked. Travelers, traders, priest and pilgrims travelled vast distance … Read more
The growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to anti-colonial movement. The congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi tried to forge groups together within one movement. However, the unity did not emerge without conflict. First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation National Movement was spreading in New areas in 1919 and incorporating new social groups … Read more
History CHAPTER – 2: The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Vietnam gained formal independence in 1945. The Republic of Vietnam was formed. The knitting together of a modern Vietnamese nation that brought the different communities together. The way colonial empires functioned and the anti-imperial movement developed. Emerging from the shadow of china: The modern countries of … Read more
History Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe In 1848, Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social republic’, as he called them. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. According to … Read more
Chapter 16: Management of Natural Resources 1. Introduction Anything in the environment which can be used is called a natural resource. Management of natural resources refers to controlling the use of resources to avoid wastage and maximize effectiveness. Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was initiated to reduce the pollution load of river Ganga by more than … Read more
Chapter 15: Our Environment Introduction The environment includes our physical surroundings like air (or atmosphere), water bodies, soil (land) and all organisms such as plants, animals, human beings, and micro-organisms like bacteria and fungi (called decomposers). Waste materials produced by human and animal activities are poisonous to some extent and can be divided into: Biodegradable … Read more
14. SOURCES OF ENERGY Characteristics of a good fuel: High calorific value Less smoke Less residue after burning Easy availability Inexpensive Easy to store and transport Fossil fuels: Were formed millions of years ago, when plants and animal remains got buried under the earth and were subjected to high temperature and pressure conditions. E.g.: Coal, … Read more